An Access Point (AP) in Wi-Fi is a networking hardware device that allows wireless devices (like laptops, smartphones, IoT gadgets) to connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi (radio waves).

Here's a breakdown of its key functions and features:

Wireless Bridge: It acts as a bridge between wireless clients and your existing wired Local Area Network (LAN) and the internet. Devices connect wirelessly to the AP, and the AP connects physically via Ethernet to a router or switch.

SSID Broadcast: It broadcasts a Wi-Fi network name (SSID) that devices can discover and join.

Central Connection Hub: It handles the wireless connection process (authentication and association) for multiple client devices simultaneously.

Coverage Area: Creates a Wi-Fi signal coverage area (a "bubble" or "cell"). Multiple APs can be deployed strategically to cover large areas (like offices, campuses, and hotels).

Types:

Standalone APs: Common in homes/small offices, often integrated into wireless routers (which combine a router, switch, and AP).

Controller-Based APs (Thin APs): Used in businesses. They rely on a central wireless controller for management, configuration, security, and seamless roaming.

Mesh APs: Work together wirelessly to extend coverage, often used where Ethernet cabling is impractical.

Key Difference from a Router: A router connects different networks (e.g., your LAN to the internet), assigns IP addresses (DHCP), and performs firewall functions. An AP specifically provides wireless access to an existing network. A home "wireless router" contains a router, a switch, and an AP.

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