ANC (Active Noise Cancellation) is a technology designed to reduce unwanted ambient sounds in headphones and earbuds. It employs a system of microphones, a digital signal processor (DSP), and speakers to counteract external noise electronically.

How it works: External microphones pick up incoming ambient sound waves. The onboard electronics then generate an "anti-noise" sound wave that is exactly opposite (180 degrees out of phase) to the detected noise. When these two waves meet, they cancel each other out through a process called destructive interference, significantly reducing the perceived volume of low-frequency sounds like aeroplane engines or traffic rumble.

This technology is distinct from passive noise isolation, which simply uses physical barriers like padded ear cups to block sound. ANC is highly effective for improving audio clarity in noisy environments, enhancing listening experiences, and reducing listener fatigue. Its performance is typically best on consistent, droning noises rather than sudden, sharp sounds. Most ANC systems require power from a battery to operate.

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